by Prof. A.R. Venkatachalapathy, Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai

Abstract

In 1906, Britain’s grip on the world was unassailable. Its navy ruled the seas, and its trade empire spanned the globe. But in the small port town of Tuticorin, a lawyer named V.O. Chidambaram Pillai (VOC) had a novel idea that challenged the might of the empire itself. Influenced by economic nationalist ideas in the wake of the Swadeshi movement originating in Bengal he decided to launch the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company, a venture that would compete head-on with the British India Steam Navigation Company, the shipping giant that controlled coastal trade, passenger traffic and mail contracts. Rallying native traders and patriotic citizens, he raised the capital needed to launch this enterprise. British mercantile interests and the imperial state both backed its competitor. Based on his recently published book, Swadeshi Steam: V.O. Chidambaram Pillai and the Battle against the British Maritime Empire A.R. Venkatachalapathy situates rivalry in the context of the Swadeshi movement and the first phase of mass nationalism in India.